CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
Listening is the ability to
accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process.
Listening is key to all effective communication, without the ability to listen
effectively messages are easily misunderstood communication breaks down and the
sender of the message can easily become frustrated or irritated.
Listening to the film or song may be easier to
understand than listening section in TOEFL which is only heard at once. Many
who take the TOEFL do not get the score that they are entitled to because they
spend too much time dwelling on hard questions, leaving insufficient time to
answer the easy questions they can get right.
The listening section is designed to mimic natural
speech. This means that the speakers will pause, change sentences or topics
abruptly, and occasionally say something incorrect or forget what they were
talking about. People may be asked questions about these imperfections, so a
familiarity with unrehearsed speech is essential to doing well in the listening
section. Hence, the strategy and skill to answer in this section need to be
mastered by all student wanting to get good score.
CHAPTER II
CONTENT
A. The
Definition of Similar
·
Similar
means closely resembling each other; similar
implies posibility of being mistaken for each other.
·
Having
characteristic in common; stricty
comparable
·
Alike
in subtance or essential
·
Not
differing in shape but only in size or position[1]
B. The Definition
of Sound
Sound is vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person’s or animal’s ear.
a)
Vibrations transmitted through an
elastic solid or a liquid or gas, with frequencies in the approximate range of
20 to 20.000hertz, capable of being detected by human organs of hearing.
b)
Transmitted vibrations of any
frequency.
c)
The sensation stimulated in the
organs of hearing by such vibrations in the air or other medium.
C. Similar
Sound
Similar sound is all words and phrases that sound the same but have different
meanings. It can be called by homophone.
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accept
except
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Accept means “to
receive.” Except means “to
exclude.”
e.g. Everyone except Joaquin accepted her apology.
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advice
advise
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Advice is a noun
(which rhymes with ice) and advise is a verb (which rhymes with lies).
e.g. I need your advice.
I
advise you to bring bottled water.
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affect
effect
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Affect is a verb
which means “to influence.” Effect
is a noun which means “the outcome or result.” When used as a verb, effect means “to produce a result.”
e.g. The injury won’t affect her performance.
The
song had a calming effect on the baby.
The
medicine effected a complete recovery.
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desert
dessert
|
As a verb, desert
means “to abandon”; as a noun, desert
refers to a barren place. Dessert
is the last course of a meal.
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decent
descent
dissent
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Decent is an
adjective that connotes propriety or respectability. Descent refers to a plunge downwards or to ancestry. Dissent means “disagreement.”
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discreet
discrete
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Discreet means
“tactful” or “prudent” and can connote secrecy. Discrete means “distinct” or “separate.”
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amoral
immoral
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Amoral means
either not subject to or lacking moral distinctions. For instance, logic or
pure mathematics can be seen as amoral. Immoral
means violating conscience or public morality: plagiarism and other kinds of
cheating are immoral. Note that ethical
is the term to use when referring to practices in professions.
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complement
compliment
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Complement means “to
complete” and compliment means “to
express praise.” Complimentary is
an adjective that means “free of charge.”
e.g. They complimented her on the sash that
complemented her dress.
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D. Avoid
Similar Sound
Often
the incorrect answers in listening part A are answers that contain words with
similar sounds but very different meanings from what you hear in the recording
program you should difinetly avoid this answers.
Example:
On
the recording, you hear:
(man)
why couldn’t mark come with us ?
(woman)
he has searching for a new apartement.
(narrator)
what does the woman say about mark?
In
your test book, you read:
a) He
was in the departemen office.
b) He
was looking for a place to live.
c) He
was working on his research project.
d) He
had an appoitment to church.
The key words in the
second line of the conversation are searching and apartement.
In answers (c) and (d) the words research and church
sound like search, so this answers are incorrect in answers (a) and (d), the words departemen and
appoitment sound like apartement, so this answers are incorrect. The best
answer is there for answer (b).
The following chart
outlines a very important strategy for listening part A:
Strategy#3: AVOID SIMILAR SOUNDS
1.
Identify key
words in the second line of the conversation.
2.
Identify words
in the answers that contain similar sound and do not choose this answers.
Note:
in appendix A they are drills to practice distinguishing similar sounds. You
may want to complate this practice drills before trying the following
exercises.
Listening part A
(TOEFL exercise 1)
: In this exercise, listen carefully to the short conversation and question
on the recording and then choose the best answer to the question. You should
look for restatement of key ideas in the second line.
1.
M : how was the date last night?
W : we had such a good time.
(Narrator) what does the woman mean?
a)
The dance was fun.
b)
It was a good time to dance.
c)
She thinks the man is such a good dancer.
d)
Tonight is the last time to dance.
2.
M : are you ready to leave?
W : I need about thirty
minutes.
(Narrator) what does the
woman mean?
a) She’s quite thirsty.
b) She’ll be ready in a half hour.
c) She needs to leave now.
d) She was ready thirty minutes ago.
3. W : I am really having trouble in a psychology class.
M : you should talk with the
teacher.
(Narrator) what does the man
mean?
a) The woman should teach the class
herself.
b) The woman should see a psychiatrist.
c) It’s a good idea to speak with the
instructor.
d) He would like to discuss psychology
with the woman.
4. M : have you found the
job yet?
W : I actually started my new
job yesterday.
(Narrator) what does the
woman mean?
a) She has a starring role.
b) She has not found a job yet.
c) She found the lost dog.
d) She just began working.
5. M : do you know why Stan want to talk to me?
W : he needs to find someone
to share an apartment.
(Narrator) what does the
woman say about Stan?
a) He shares everything he has.
b) He has to find his lost shirt.
c) He is climbing the stairs to the
apartment.
d) He has to get a roommate.
6. W : when are you taking your vacation?
M : in a fall.
(Narrator) what does the man
mean?
a) His vacation is full of activities.
b) In autumn he’ll have a vacation.
c) He can’t have a vacation because he
suffered a fall.
d) He’s foolish to take a vacation now.
7. M : did you enjoy the book?
W : it is a quiet pleasant to
read.
(Narrator) what does the
woman mean?
a) The book was very enjoyable.
b) It was unpleasant to get rid of the
bugs.
c) She only reads when it is quiet.
d) It is pleasant to ride a bike.
8. W : why were you so late?
M : traffic was very heavy.
(Narrator) what does the man
mean?
a) He hasn’t traveled much lately.
b) There were a lot of cars on the
road.
c) He needs to lose weight.
d) The tray was thick and heavy.
9. W : do you want to go to the game with us tonight?
M : sorry, I can’t. I have to
finish the report for history class.
(Narrator) what does the man
mean?
a) He doesn’t know how to play the game.
b) He has to write a story for class.
c) He needs to complete an assignment.
d) He has already finished the report.
10. M : does Steve work for you?
W : no, Steve manages his own
business.
(Narrator) what does the
woman say about Steve?
a) He always minds his own business.
b) He manages to avoid working.
c) He is the manager of the department.
d) He is the boss of his own company.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
Often
the incorrect answers in listening part A are answers that contain words with
similar sounds but very different meanings from what you hear in the recording
program you should difinetly avoid this answers.
We have to know
the strategy in skill 3 (avoid similar sound)
1.
Identify key
words in the second line of the conversation.
2.
Identify words
in the answers that contain similar sound and do not choose this answers.
REFERENCES
Ninsiana, Widhiya. Modul Listening
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