BAB
II
EXPRESSION
OF QUANTITY
A. Pengertian
Expression of Quantity
Expression
of Quantity menjelaskan tentang jumlah (berapa banyak) orang atau benda yang
ada. Misalkan dalam bahasa Indonesia Anda berkata, saya mempunyai banyak
makanan untukmu. Kata banyak itu mewakili expression of quantity atau ekspresi
kuantitas. Contoh expressiosn of quantity yang lain yaitu beberapa, sedikit,
banyak, semuanya, sebagian besar, dan sebagian kecil.
The
quantity expressions much and many are not generally used in object noun
phrases of affirmative statements. These quantity expressions are used chiefly
in questions and negative statements and in the subject noun phrases of
affirmative sentence.[1]
B. Contoh
expression of quantity
Countable nouns are things that we can count
(hitung). They can be singular (tunggal) and plural (jamak/lebih dari satu). We
can make plural by adding –s/es to a noun.
A
bag = a bags
A
box = some boxes
A
class = two classes
A
flower = many fowers
Example
:
I
have three bags
She
has three dogs.
I
own a house.
I
would like two books please.
How
many friends do you have?
Uncountable nouns are things that we can not count.
They have no plural.
We
can say money, the money, my money, but we can not say moneys, some moneys, or
the moneys. Instead, uncountable nouns can be indicated by :
A
piece of paper, advice, information, furniture, etc.
A
drop of water, ink, blood, oil, etc.
A
bar of chocolate, toothpaste, etc.
A
block of ice.
A
bowl of rice, soup.[2]
Countable nouns adalah kata benda yang dapat
dihitung (countable), yang biasanya ditandai dengan penggunaan suffix –es pada
kata benda tersebut jika berbentuk jamak. Sedangkan uncountable nouns adalah
kata benda yang tidak mengalami perubahan bentuk atau tidak memerlikan tambahan
suffix –es meskipun berbentuk jamak.
Salah satu ciri bahwa sebuah kata benda (noun)
adalah termasuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung (countable) adalah dapat
dipergunakannya suatu angka : a, one, two, three, four, ten, etc. Untuk
menunjukkan jumlah. Sedangkan pada uncountable noun, kita tidak memerlukan
satuan angka untuk menunjukkan jumlah, akan tetapi sebagai gantinya
dipergunakan satuan ukuran misalnya a kilo of, a glass of, a cup of, some, a
little, etc.[3]
Berikut ini adalah berbagai contoh expression of
quantity dan penggunaannya baik untuk countabe nouns dan uncountable nouns.
1. Many
(for countable nouns)
Many digunakan untuk
benda yang dapat dihitung (countable).
Example :
a. How
many sisters does he have?
b. How
many pupils are in this class?
c. How
many books do you buy?
d. How
many cows live on this farm?
e. I
have been there many a time.
2. Much
(for uncountable nouns)
Much
digunakan untuk benda yang tidak dapat dihitung (uncountable).
Example :
a. How
much homework do we get?
b. How
much money do I need?
c. How
much milk do you want?
d. Is
there much sugar in my tea?
e. How
much is the price?
3. A
lot and A lot of (for countable/uncountable nouns)
a
lot digunakan pada kalimat berita. Sedangkan a lot of digunakan baik untuk
countable maupun uncountable, Tetapi hanya dalam kalimat positif dan negatif.
Example
:
a. There
are a lot of cookies
b. They
have got a lot of CDs.
c. There
are a lot of things on your table.
d. We
have got lots of money.
e. How
many books do you need?
I need a lot of books.
4. A
few and few (for countable nouns)
A
few dan few digunakan pada countable nouns, yaitu kata benda yang terhitung
dalam bentuk jamak misalnya : books, pen, people, student, girls, dll.
Example :
a. There
are a few books on the table.
b. He
read a few lines.
c. Few
people believe it.
d.
There are just a
few examples.
e.
I meet a few
friends
5.
A little and
little (for uncountable nouns)
A little dan little digunakan pada
uncountable nouns, yaitu kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung misalnya : water,
ink, sand, sugar, money, time, bread, oil, dll.
Example
:
a.
He will drink a
little water.
b.
I want to wait
her, I have a little time.
c. There
is little tea left.
d. Not
a lot, only a little, please.
e. I've
got little money.[4]
BAB III
KESIMPULAN
In
my opinion expression of quantity is an expression disclose or indicate the
amount of the goods. In english there are many expressions that indicate the
amount of goods. These expression are divided based on the nature of the
objects. There used to countable noun or object that can be counted, there are used
for uncountable or onjects which can not be calculated, and others can be used
for both good it countable noun or uncountable noun.
[1] Krohn Robert,
English Sentence Structure, (Jakarta Barat : Binapura Aksara 1990), Hal 60)
[2] Riyanto
Slamet, The Easy Way To Master English In
A Few Days, (Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar 2008), Hal 144
[3] Pardiyono,
Communicative Grammar For Easy Conversation,
(Yogyakarta : C.V Andi Offset 2010), Hal 212
[4] Agus
Salim Mansyur dan Nurkholis, Learning
English Grammar, (Bandung : Pustaka Setia), hal 211-215
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