CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of Study
Semantics is the study of meaning. It is a wide subject within the
general study of language (how language users acquire a sense of meaning, as
speakers and writers, listeners and readers) and of language change (how
meanings alter over time. The study of semantics includes the study of how
meaning is constructed, interpreted, clarified, obscured, illustrated,
simplified negotiated, contradicted and paraphrased; such as collocation and
idiom.
Knowledge of collocation and idiom is vital for the competent use of
language: a grammatically correct sentence will stand out as awkward if their
preferences are violated. This makes collocation and idiom as interesting area
for language teaching. In this paper will focus on what is collocation and idiom including
their types.
B. Problem Formulation
1. What is collocation and what
are kinds of collocation?
2. What is idiom and what are
types of idiom?
C. Purpose
1. Having understand about
collocation and its kinds.
2. Having understand about idiom
and its types.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A.
Collocation
Learning collocations is an important part of learning
the vocabulary of a language, because our language will be more natural and
more easily understood and we will have alternative and richer ways of expressing
yourself. To make us having
understand about collocation.
Following the discussion about collocation.
1.
Definition of
Collocation
Collocation is two or more words that often go
together. Moreover, collocation is an expression consisting of two or more
words that correspond to some conventional way of saying things. Example, once
more, as well, beautiful girl, long distance, table of content.[1]
Collocation is a pair of or group of words that are
often used together (word partner). These combinations sound natural to native
speakers, but students of English have to make a special effort to learn them
because they are often difficult to guess. Some combinations just sound wrong
to native speaker of English. For example the adjective fast collocates with
food, but not with a meal.
Sometimes,
a pair of words may not be obviously wrong, and people will understand what is
meant, but it may not be the natural, normal collocation. If someone says I did
a few mistakes they will be understood, but fluent English would probably say I
made a few mistakes. If you want to use a word naturally, you need to learn the
other words often go with in it. It can be different from language to language.
For example, in English we say: I
missed the bus (NOT I lost the bus) and she
committed suicide (NOT she undertook or did suicide).[2]
2.
Kinds of Collocation
According to Benson et al., collocation can be
sorted systematically into two major groups-lexical collocations and
grammatical collocations. A lexical collocation could be made up of nouns,
adjectives, verbs, or adverbs.[3]
For example:
|
Example
|
Description
|
|
Gray Market
|
Legal trade of a commodity through unofficial
distribution channels.
|
|
Death penalty
|
Person is put to death by state as a punishment for a
crime.
|
|
Driving license
|
Document stating that a given person can operate a
motorized vehicles.
|
|
Green card
|
ID card attesing to the permanent resident status of an
immigrant in the United State.
|
|
Sign language
|
Language which, instead of sound patterns, uses body
language.
|
On the other hand, Grammatical
Collocation is a type of construction where for example a verb or adjective
must be followed by a particular preposition, or a noun must be followed by a
particular form of the verb, as in:
1.
Verb
+ Preposition : depend on (NOT depend of)
2.
Adjective
+ Preposition : afraid of (NOT afraid at)
3.
Noun
+ Particular form of verb: strength to lift it (not strength lifting it).[4]
B.
Idiom
Idiom is unit of statement which the meaning cannot
“predicted” from the elements of meaning itself neither lexically nor
grammatically. Example, form of grammatically “Sell a house” it means that
“People who sell get money and people who buy get a house”, but in Indonesia
language “sell teeth” it means that “loud of laugh” and that’s it that called
idiomatical meaning, another example from idiom meaning is raining cats and dogs.
Moreover, idiom is a phrase where the words together
have a meaning that is different from the dictionary definitions of the
individual words.[5]
Furthermore, Idioms are group of words in a fixed order that have a meaning
that cannot be guessed by knowing meaning of the individual words. For example,
pass the buck is an idiom meaning to pass responsibility for a problem to
another person to avoid dealing with it oneself.[6]
Usually, idiom divided into two parts, full idiom
and semi idiom. Full idiom is idiom that has different meaning with original
meaning and cannot give the meaning word by word, because it is unity. Example: a ripp of,
it means that very expensive.
While, semi idiom is idiom that one of the elements
still have lexical meaning itself. Example, “black list” it means that people
who do wickedness or crime. He is in my black list. I will never trust him
again.[7]
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
Collocations
should not be confused with idioms although both are similar in that there is a
degree of meaning present in the collocation or idiom that is not entirely
compositional. With idioms, the meaning is completely non-compositional whereas
collocations are mostly compositional. With collocation the language will be
more natural and be more understood.
REFERENCES
[3]
Farokh Parisa. Raising
Awareness of Collocation in ESL/EFL Classrooms in Journal of Studies in Education ISSN 2162-6952 2012,
Vol. 2, No.3.P.59
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