DESCRIPTIVE AND DOUBLE FACED MEANING
A. The definition of descriptive meaning
Based on oxford advanced learner’s dictionary, descriptive is saying how language is actually use, without giving rules for how its should be used.[1] Next, in oxford advanced learner’s dictionary meaning is the time or idea that sound, word, sign, etc.[2] Then, descriptive meaning is meaning that describe in the language. meaning means anything that affects the relative normality of grammatical expressions (a contextual approach to meaning).
Moreover, descriptive meaning of an expression is that aspect of meaning which only concerns the relationship between a given sign and its denotation.[3]
Based on the definition above, we can conclude that descriptive meaning is meaning that describe an expression or anything through language.
On the other hand, in descriptive meaning there are characteristics of descriptive meaning, dimentions of descriptive meaning, and non-descriptive dimentions.
1. Characteristic of descroptive meaning
a. Logical, proporsional
Logical is following or able to follow the rules of logic in which ideas or fact are based on other true ideas or a facts. [4] The aspect of the meaning of a sentence that determines whether any proposition it expresses is true or false.
b. Referential
Referential is a think you say or write that mention else: the act of mentioning.[5] The aspect of the meaning of a sentence that constrains what it can be used to refer to.
c. Objective
Objective is something that you are trying or achieve.[6] The aspect of the meaning of a sentence that interposes distance between the speaker and the sentence.
d. Descriptive
Descriptive is saying how language is actually use, without giving rules for how its should be used.[7] The aspect of the meaning of a sentence that is fully conceptualized, i.e., provides conceptual categories into which experience maybe sorted.
e. Exposed
Exposed is to show that usually hidden.[8] The aspect of the meaning of a sentence that can be negated or questioned (can be within the scope of negation or questioning) (that’s a lie, that’s not true targets the descriptive meaning).
2. Dimentions of descriptive meaning
a. Intrinsic dimentions
In the intrinsic dimention include: quality, intensity, specificity, vagueness, basic, viewpoint.
b. Relative dimentions
In the relative dimention include: necessity and expectedness, sufficiency, salience.
3. Non-descriptive dimentions
a. Expressive meaning
1) Expresses the speaker’s emotional state at the moment of utterance.
2) Does not contribute to proporsinal content.
3) Cannot be questioned or denied.
4) Different mode of signification.
B. The definition of double faced meaning
Based on oxford advanced learner’s dictionary, double is twice as much or as many as usually.[9] Then, based on oxford advanced learner’s dictionary, faced is an expression that is shown on face: a sad/ happy/ smiling face.[10] Next, oxford advanced learner’s dictionary, meaning is the tie or idea that sound, word, sign, etc.[11]
Double faced meaning is equivalent of utterance with expression of face. Utterance Based on oxford advanced learner’s dictionary means the act of expressing something in words or something that you say.[12] In a communication person express whatever that they say, so, in this definition etterance related to expression of person exprecially in their face. Therefore, expression on face is a look on a person’s face that shows their thoughts or feelings.
The example of double faced meaning :
For instance, when somebodies say “I am afraid” so, they will show the fear face and when they say “I am sad”, they can show sadness of face.
[1] Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary, oxford university press: new york, 2010, p. 395
[2] Ibid, p. 920
[3] Cruse. A, 2004, meaning in language, an intruduction to semantics and pragmatics, oxford: oxford university press
[4] Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary, oxford university press: new york, 2010, p. 875
[5] Ibid, p. 1234
[6] Ibid, p. 1012
[7] Ibid, p. 395
[8] Ibid, p. 517
[9] Ibid, p. 436
[10] Ibid, p. 524
[11] Ibid, p. 920
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